Aside from its use in paints, coatings, plastics, and paper, TiO2 is also utilized in a variety of other industrial applications. It is commonly found in cosmetics, sunscreens, and food products, where it serves as a safe and effective whitening agent. TiO2 is also used in the production of ceramics, glass, and textiles, where it enhances their appearance, durability, and resistance to fading.
A few non-dietary studies have reported adverse effects in the gastrointestinal tract of laboratory animals given food-grade TiO2. However, these same effects were not seen when the same or higher doses of food-grade TiO2 were administered in the animals' diet. Dietary studies best reflect how humans are exposed to TiO2 from food. Thus, the Food Directorate placed the most emphasis on the results of these studies in the state of the science report.
The majority of the available studies have been performed in rats, just few of them in rabbits and dogs. Among those meeting the current criteria for toxicological testing, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) values for the different modified celluloses were identified most often corresponding to the highest tested level or changes in body or organ weights. For microcrystalline cellulose (E 460) the identified NOAELs in rats ranged from 3,769 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day to 9,000 mg/kg bw per day and in all cases corresponded to the highest levels of the test substance. For methyl cellulose (E 461), the dose level of 3% in rats (equivalent to 2,700 mg/kw bw per day) was selected as the NOAEL based on a decrease in body and organ weight displayed in male rats administered with the top additive level (10%, equivalent to 9,000 mg/kg bw per day and day).
Its thermal stability means electronic components made from this polymer can withstand higher temperatures, extending their lifespan and reliability Its thermal stability means electronic components made from this polymer can withstand higher temperatures, extending their lifespan and reliabilityrdp polymer.1、What is HPMC?
But, there are some potential disadvantages that are not immediately obvious. HPMC is listed as a food ingredient — E464 — which means that recommended daily maximum quantities must be defined. HPMC undergoes a rigorous manufacturing process involving the synthetic — and not natural — alteration of cellulose. During production, various highly reactive, harmful or toxic substances are used that must be removed and disposed after production, including propylene oxide (which is considered to be carcinogenic) and chloromethane.
Several types of HPMC are available commercially in several degrees of substitution, mainly:1, 2.
